1. 跳转至内容
  2. 跳转至主菜单
  3. 跳转到更多DW网站

权斗的最后篇章

2013年8月20日

8月22日,曾经的政坛之星薄熙来案件将开庭审理。北京希望为10年来最大的一桩政治丑闻划上句号。开庭前,判决恐怕已有定论。

https://p.dw.com/p/19SsV
China's former Chongqing Municipality Communist Party Secretary Bo Xilai looks on during a meeting at the annual session of China's parliament, the National People's Congress, at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, March 6, 2010. China has charged disgraced former senior politician Bo Xilai with bribery, abuse of power and corruption, state news agency Xinhua said on July 25, 2013, paving the way for his trial. Picture taken March 6, 2010. REUTERS/Jason Lee (CHINA - Tags: POLITICS CRIME LAW)
图像来源: Reuters

(德国之声中文网)薄熙来曾是共产中国的高级别领导人之一,曾任掌管大权的党的政治局委员。他的父亲曾随同毛泽东闹革命,是红色贵族的一员。下台前,他是中国最大的城市--拥有近3000万人口的重庆市委书记。薄熙来有现实主义的雄心,要进入最高领导层,即有7名成员的政治局常委。2012年3月,薄熙来登高跌重,扬起阵阵尘土。甚至去年秋天的权力交替也因此陷入停滞。

周四(2013年8月22日),曾经的政坛之星将走上法庭。中国领导层希望为10年来最大的政治丑闻划上句号。薄熙来被控受贿、贪污、滥用职权。

一件让党难办的案子

德国维尔茨堡大学汉学家安晓波(Björn Alpermann)表示,薄案开庭审理,共产党内部不同阵营必定经过艰难的表决过程。"要决定,到底要不要开庭审理薄熙来,对他提出哪些起诉,最终的量刑如何。"

中国领导层的问题在于,政治权力与经济利益的交织并不会随着薄案而告终。腐败在中国极为普遍。去年,美国彭博社和纽约时报分别报道了中国现任党总书记和国家主席习近平、时任总理温家宝的家族财富。结果是,习近平家族据说拥有约3亿欧元资产。温家宝家族财富甚至超过20亿欧元。报道后不久,彭博社和纽约时报在中国网络被屏蔽。

Former police chief Wang Lijun speaks during a court hearing in Chengdu in this still image taken from video September 18, 2012. The former police chief at the heart of China's biggest political uproar in decades did not contest charges against him at his court hearing on Tuesday, an official said. Wang fled to a U.S. consulate in Chengdu for more than 24 hours in February, days after his dismissal as police chief of Chongqing, the nearby municipality then run by ambitious politician Bo Xilai, who had raised Wang to prominence as a crime gang-buster. REUTERS/CCTV via Reuters TV (CHINA - Tags: CRIME LAW POLITICS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. CHINA OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN CHINA
王立军因徇私枉法、叛逃、滥用职权和受贿罪被判处15年监禁图像来源: Reuters

薄熙来的立异标新

如今,曾经的政治局委员薄熙来走上法庭,在汉学家安晓波看来,等同于承认:"共产党即使在最高层也无法有效控制腐败。"安晓波同时指出,中国的腐败指控也经常用于除掉政治对手:"恰恰在较高的级别,腐败指控总是带有政治色彩。"

纽约哥伦比亚大学汉学家黎安友(Andrew Nathan)表示,薄熙来在共产党领导层中树立了足够多的敌人。"薄熙来与传统决裂,在治理重庆时发展出自己的一种品牌特色。"为实现权力的雄心,薄熙来走上一条对中国政治家而言非同寻常的道路。加州律师、作者瑞贝卡·廖(Rebecca Liao)补充说:"薄熙来如同西方政治家一样利用媒体,直接争取民众支持。"

Gu Kailai (front, C), wife of ousted Chinese Communist Party Politburo member Bo Xilai, attends a trial in the court room at Hefei Intermediate People's Court in this file still image taken from video August 9, 2012. A Chinese court will deliver its verdict on August 20, 2012 against Gu Kailai on charges of killing a British businessman last year in a scandal that has shaken the Communist Party's transition to a new leadership. REUTERS/CCTV via Reuters TV/Files (CHINA - Tags: CRIME LAW POLITICS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. CHINA OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN CHINA
谷开来因故意杀人罪被判处死缓图像来源: Reuters

左派的支持也要争取

薄熙来曾是所谓"新左派"的代表人物。他宣传重返革命价值观,搞"唱红打黑"运动,甚至连法治国家的一点点表象也懒得费力去维护。颇有个人魅力的薄熙来受到民众的欢迎。党内也有人支持他。如今,左派知识分子基本上被禁言,其网页被关闭。但与此同时,习近平显然在争取左派势力的支持。他表态支持毛泽东思想。他呼吁年轻人学习毛泽东理论。他的意识形态沾染了毛泽东的色彩。

汉学家安晓波认为,党的宣传试图将薄熙来的审判作为习近平反腐运动的一部分。意图是,以此显示,即便在最高级别的领导人面前,党也毫不退缩。但问题是:"习近平的反腐运动依靠的只是党中央的贯彻执行力,是自上而下的,没有给公民参与留有任何余地,也没有真正的透明度,没有独立的司法和独立的媒体监督。"近日发生的一系列事件成为安晓波分析的佐证。据民权人士统计,习近平上台以来,已有约百位人权活动者被捕。其中包括呼吁党的高级官员公开个人财产的活动人士。

有消息称,薄熙来向海外转移了数十亿资产。英国人海伍德(Neil Heywood)据说为他提供了帮助。因谋杀海伍德,薄熙来的妻子谷开来于2012年8月被判处死缓,这一刑期在中国大多会转为终身监禁。对薄熙来的公诉中,涉案金额为2500万人民币(约合300万欧元),数字相对较小。观察家因此预计,对薄熙来的量刑将相对较轻。但薄一位长期的"伙伴"徐明则难以脱身。在薄熙来的仕途中,商人徐明与他关系密切,徐明本人成为亿万富豪。一年前,徐明神秘失踪。网络传言称,徐明已在狱中自尽。中国网民不无讽刺地说,这是"意料之中"。

A man walks in front of the engraved wall depicting a Chinese character that means "law" inside the Hefei City Intermediate People's Court where a murder trial of Gu Kailai, wife of disgraced Chinese politician Bo Xilai, takes place Thursday Aug. 9, 2012 in Hefei, Anhui Province, China. The court heard in the one-day trial that Gu got British businessman Neil Heywood drunk and fed poison to him. (Foto:Eugene Hoshiko/AP/dapd)
薄案开审前,判决恐怕已有定论图像来源: dapd

作者:Matthias von Hein 编译:苗子

责编:石涛