1. 跳转至内容
  2. 跳转至主菜单
  3. 跳转到更多DW网站

中国“网络文革”正在逼近?

2013年9月19日

在中国,针对网络批评言论的一场迄今最大规模运动正在进行之中。共产党认为自己的言论控制权受到了威胁,知名博主或者被捕、或者被迫公开自我批评。一场网络文革就要逼近了吗?

https://p.dw.com/p/19kkJ
A man holds an iPhone as he visits Sina's Weibo microblogging site in Shanghai in this May 29, 2012 file photo. Sina Corp, one of China's biggest Internet firms, runs the microblogging site, which has 500 million registered users. It also employs the censors. The Sina Weibo censors are a small part of the tens of thousands of censors employed in China to control content in traditional media and on the Internet. Picture taken May 29, 2012. REUTERS/Carlos Barria/Files (CHINA - Tags: POLITICS SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS TELECOMS)
图像来源: Reuters

(德国之声中文网)恐惧的气氛在中国互联网上蔓延。对政府持批评态度的博客作者开始删除过去发表过的可能涉及敏感内容的博文。自从中国领导层启动了有史以来最严厉的管控行动以来,网络上的争论变得平静了许多。根据最高人民法院公布的模糊规定,传播散布"谣言"可以获刑最多三年。为了达到"杀一儆百"的震慑效果,当局拘捕了多名富有影响力的博主,或者令其在电视上出丑。批评人士认为,一场"网络文革"正在缓缓拉开帷幕。

这是一场对于思想主导权的争夺战。自从那些粉丝数量上千万的大V博主显示出比党报《人民日报》更高的号召力之后,这场战役就打响了。根据香港媒体的报道,8月底,党和国家最高领导人习近平在一次内部会议上,以充满斗志的语调宣布,国家宣传部门必须形成一支强有力的"军队",才能在新媒体的"战场"上取得胜利。

网络名人接连受"整治"

几天之后,逮捕行动就陆续开始了。美籍华人富豪薛必群(Charles Xue)--知名微博"意见领袖"薛蛮子--锒铛入狱。警方称他涉嫌犯有嫖娼罪。不过,也许他最大的罪就是在微博上的名气。他应该是第一个被当局当作目标的微博"大V"。

随后,戴着手铐、身穿囚服的薛蛮子在中央电视台的荧幕上丢进了颜面。他承认,自己在微博上感觉"像皇帝"一样,并且表示,"言论自由也不能凌驾于法律之上",还对政府打击网络谣言的行动大加赞扬。还有在网上公开为环保发声的房地产大亨潘石屹,在接受央视采访的时候也突然发挥失常,说话结结巴巴,并且立刻和政府站到一边。

In this screen grab taken on 15 September 2013, Charles Xue Biqun (Xue Manzi), Chinese-American investor and Weibo celebrity who was detained last month on suspicion of soliciting prostitutes speaks during a report to police in Beijing, China. Chinese-American investor Charles Xue Biqun, a popular weibocommentator who was detained last month on suspicion of soliciting prostitutes, has offered to work with authorities in their internet crackdown to help secure his release, state media reported. Xues pledge was carried across state media on Sunday (15 September 2013) in what appeared to be the latest attempt by Beijing to justify its campaign against internet rumours and Big V or verified online celebrities who can command millions of followers. Xue - known as Xue Manzi to his 12 million followers on Sina Weibo told Beijing police that he had made mistakes with his online postings, and held himself out as an example of the need to regulate the internet, according to a Xinhua report. The report featured prominently on major news portals on the mainland on Sunday. Xue told police in a Beijing detention centre that online influence had fuelled his ego, adding that he had misled internet users on various incidents.
薛蛮子身穿囚服接受央视采访图像来源: picture-alliance/dpa

紧接着,企业家王功权也被警方带走,此前他曾公开声援被捕的"新公民运动"领袖许志永。最新的案例是知名博主"花总"(吴东),他此前曾因为在网上爆料官员手上戴的奢华名表而名声大噪,本周警察将其带走"问话",不过随后他又获释回家。

是谣非谣如何界定?

最高法院规定,社交网络用户可因造谣诽谤而遭到起诉,如果其传播谣言的博文被阅读超过5000次或者转发超过500次的话。最高法对这一决定作出的解释是,一些人"利用社会敏感话题",传播虚假信息,扰乱社会秩序,引发"群体突发事件"。

曾为前中共总书记赵紫阳担任秘书的鲍彤认为,这些手段让人回忆起文革时代:"谁能确定哪些是谣言?"他在为自由亚洲电台撰写的评论中指出,中国的政治是复杂而难以预料的,"前天载入党章的'接班人',昨天定为'反党叛国'的主帅,今天不知道怎么说,明天又该怎么办?"

然而,党不愿意失去对言论的控制权。国家互联网信息办公室主任鲁炜就表示,要加强对互联网"负能量"的打击--所谓"负能量"就是不利于党形象的内容。为此,不管是网络言论的监管,还是实名登记制,都是为了打击网络犯罪。他在党报《人民日报》中写道,互联网用户应该互相监督,净化网络环境:"把网上舆论工作作为重中之重,是确保国家安全和意识形态安全的重大决策。……加大网络建设和管理力度,牢牢掌控网上舆论阵地,确保国家安全和意识形态安全。"

来源:德新社 编译:雨涵

责编:李鱼