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羅馬尼亞總統留任

2012年8月22日

羅馬尼亞最高法官宣佈,要求總統伯塞斯庫下台的全民公投無效。

https://p.dw.com/p/15u1f
Romania's suspended President Traian Basescu addresses the crowd during a rally in Bucharest July 26, 2012. Thousands of Romanians rallied in central Bucharest both for and against Basescu on Thursday, showing the deep divisions in the country before a referendum on his removal from office at the weekend. REUTERS/Bogdan Cristel (ROMANIA - Tags: POLITICS)
圖片來源: Reuters

(德國之聲中文網)羅馬尼亞圍繞總統的爭議已持續近兩個月。7月初,議會宣佈總統伯塞斯庫(Traian Basescu )暫時停職。如今,伯塞斯庫得以重返總統府。周二(8月21日),該國憲法法院作出裁決,7月29日有關伯塞斯庫下台的全民公投因參與率過低而無效。

羅馬尼亞臨時總統安東內斯庫(Crin Antonescu)、總理蓬塔(Victor Ponta)儘管一致宣佈尊重憲法法院的裁決,但同時稱裁決是"不公正"、"不正確的","無視民眾意願"。蓬塔拒絕就與伯塞斯庫繼續政治合作明確表態。安東內斯庫甚至呼籲國民公開抗議憲法法院的裁決。

此前,圍繞全民公投的投票率以及公投結果的有效性,也進行了為期數周的爭論。根據羅馬尼亞憲法,當議會暫停總統職務時,只有選民在公投中多數要求總統下台,這一局面才會出現。在7月29日的公投中,儘管87%的投票者要求伯塞斯庫下台,但參與投票的人數僅佔全體選民的46%,未達到規定的50%下限。

A Romanian flag waves as people shout anti-presidential slogans and hold signs reading "Down Basescu, Yes for Romania referendum" during a rally promoting the impeachment of suspended President Traian Basescu in Craiova, 248 km (154 miles) west of Bucharest July 20, 2012. Romanian Prime Minister Victor Ponta's government joined forces with parliament earlier this month to suspend Basescu, a conservative, and polls show most Romanians will vote to permanently remove him due to his association with austerity measures and a perception of corruption among his political allies. REUTERS/Radu Sigheti (ROMANIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST)
7月要求伯塞斯庫下台的抗議圖片來源: Reuters

憲法法院法官向布魯塞爾請求幫助

總理蓬塔曾對參選率提出質疑,要求重新統計投票人數。據稱,最多有300萬在國外的羅馬尼亞人沒有統計在內。而就在兩周前,公投中存在的大樁舞弊案曝光,包括政府將數萬人列為"已死亡",借此將他們從選民人數中除去。

甚至憲法法院自身也出現險情。憲法法院院長澤格雷安(Augustin Zegrean)直接向歐盟委員會尋求幫助,因為他認為憲法法院的獨立性受到威脅。這在歐盟歷史上還是絕無僅有的一次。

Source News Feed: EMEA Picture Service ,Germany Picture Service Romania's Prime Minister Victor Ponta addresses a news conference after meeting European Parliament President Martin Schulz at the EU Parliament in Brussels July 11, 2012. Romania's prime minister assured European leaders on Wednesday that his government was fully committed to democracy and the rule of law after drawing fire for suspending President Traian Basescu by a vote in parliament. REUTERS/Francois Lenoir (BELGIUM - Tags: POLITICS HEADSHOT) /eingest. sc
總理蓬塔圖片來源: reuters

羅馬尼亞憲法法院的9名法官由議會各黨以及總統任命。因此,憲法法院中立場不同的兩派陣營之間關係也十分緊張。

要求伯塞斯庫下台的新程序

總理蓬塔也尖銳批評伯塞斯庫,稱他是一位"不合法"、"反民主"的總統。蓬塔稱自己領導的政府代表著民眾的意願。臨時總統安東內斯庫也言辭犀利,稱憲法法院玷污民意,政府多數派陣營將"與伯塞斯庫政權戰鬥到底","解放羅馬尼亞"。他同時宣佈,將啟動要求伯塞斯庫下台的新程序。

Interim President Crin Antonescu addresses during his first media briefing at Cotroceni presidential palace in Bucharest July 10, 2012. Romania's government is seeking to tighten its grip on power by impeaching president Traian Basescu later this month, and the political uncertainty has unnerved markets and raised doubts over the country's International Monetary Fund deal. REUTERS/Stringer (ROMANIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST) // eingestellt von nis
臨時總統安東內斯庫圖片來源: Reuters

與總統伯塞斯庫接近的自由民主黨(PDL)則稱憲法法院的裁決為"法治國家的勝利"。伯塞斯庫最早將於下周二下午表態。羅馬尼亞媒體許多評論員指出,伯塞斯庫必須清醒地意識到,畢竟在公投中有750萬人要求他下台。這位總統在數天前曾宣佈,將爭取與政府進行建設性的政治合作。他說,羅馬尼亞必須學習如何共存。

作者:Keno Verseck 編譯:苗子

責編:李魚