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叙利亚

叙利亚是世界最古老文明发源地之一。1944年1月1日宣布独立,1946年4月7日被联合国及世界各国认可为正式独立国家。2011年“阿拉伯之春”后,该国爆发内战,并造成了二战结束以来最大规模的难民潮。

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NEW YORK, NY - MAY 15: Syrian Ambassador to the United Nations Bashar Ja'afari speaks out against a UN resolution calling for a political transition in Syria on May 15, 2013 in New York City. The 193-member UN General Assembly was to vote on an Arab-backed resolution condemning the regime of Syrian President Bashar Assad for human rights abuses and its escalating use of heavy weapons in the country's civil war. (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images)
Titel: Ali Laridschani ( Laridjani ), Parlamentspräsident Iran Quelle: Fars Zulieferer: Davoud Khodabakhsh
US Navy swimmers participate in an exercise with the USS Thach on March 1, 2013, while patrolling in international waters in the Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Colombia and Ecuador. The USS Thach participates in the Martillo Operation, a US led multilateral operation to combat drug smuggling in Central America launched on January 2012. AFP PHOTO/ Jose CABEZAS (Photo credit should read Jose CABEZAS/AFP/Getty Images)
WASHINGTON, DC - APRIL 17: Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel testifies during a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing on Capitol Hill, April 17, 2013 in Washington, DC. The committee is hearing testimony from Secretary Hagel on the Defense Departments budget request for FY2014 and beyond. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images)
Syria's Foreign Minister Walid Moualem speaks during a news conference in Damascus August 27, 2013. Any foreign strike on Syria to try to create a balance of power in the war between President Bashar al-Assad's forces and the rebels is "delusional", Moualem said on Tuesday. REUTERS/ Khaled al-Hariri (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST CONFLICT HEADSHOT)
Kalashnikov assault rifles and a couple of heavy machine guns are lines up against a wall at one of Mogadishu four open-air markets, Monday, July 9, 2001. As the United Nations discusses what to do about the world's illegal small arms trade, it is business as usual at the gun markets for traders who supply arms to eastern and central Africa. Somalia became a magnet for small arms and munitions after President Mohamed Siad Barre was ousted by clan-based faction leaders in January 1991. (AP Photo/Osman Hassan)
A Rebel fighter points at smoke rising in the city of Aleppo on January 18, 2013. UN leader Ban Ki-moon warned that Syria is in a "death spiral", as his top humanitarian and human rights officials pleaded with the UN Security Council to take firmer action. AFP PHOTO / EDOUARD ELIAS (Photo credit should read EDOUARD ELIAS/AFP/Getty Images)
WASHINGTON, DC - AUGUST 26: U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry delivers a statement about the use of chemical weapons in Syria at the Department of State August 26, 2013 in Washington, DC. Kerry said that chemical weapons had been used to kill scores of people during the ongoing civil war in Syria and that the government of President Bashar al-Assad had used shelling to destroy the evidence. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)
epa03642506 Turkish minister of Foreign Affairs Ahmet Davutoglu speaks during a joint news conference with his Georgian counterpart Maia Panjikidze (not pictured), following their meeting in Tbilisi, Georgia, 27 March 2013. Davutoglu is on a working visit to Georgia. EPA/ZURAB KURTSIKIDZE +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
An activist wearing a gas mask stands next to a dead dog as he looks for dead bodies to collect samples to check for chemical weapon use, in Zamalka area, where activists say chemical weapons have been used by forces loyal to President Bashar Al-Assad in the eastern suburbs of Damascus August 22, 2013. REUTERS/Bassam Khabieh (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST CONFLICT ANIMALS)
Pigeons lie on the ground after dying from what activists say is the use of chemical weapons by forces loyal to President Bashar Al-Assad in the Damascus suburbs of Arbeen August 24, 2013. Picture taken August 24, 2013. REUTERS/Ammar Dar (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST CONFLICT ANIMALS TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)
Britain's Prime Minister David Cameron speaks in front of 10 Downing Street, about the killing of a British soldier, in London May 23, 2013. The soldier was hacked to death on Wednesday by two men shouting Islamic slogans in a south London street, in what Prime Minister David Cameron said appeared to be a terrorist attack. REUTERS/Olivia Harris (BRITAIN - Tags: CRIME LAW MILITARY POLITICS SOCIETY)
Activists and medics manufacture homemade chemical masks in Damascus' suburbs of Zamalka August 23, 2013. Picture taken August 23, 2013. REUTERS/Hadi Almonajed (SYRIA - Tags: HEALTH CONFLICT CIVIL UNREST POLITICS)
Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al-Muallem (R) meets U.N. High Representative for Disarmament Affairs Angela Kane in Damascus, in this handout photo distributed by Syria's national news agency SANA on August 25, 2013. Syria has agreed to allow U.N. inspectors access to sites in suburbs of Damascus where alleged chemical attacks occurred, the Syria Foreign Ministry said in a statement broadcast on state television. REUTERS/SANA/Handout via Reuters (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CONFLICT CIVIL UNREST) ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS PICTURE IS DISTRIBUTED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
People, affected by what activists say is nerve gas, are treated at a hospital in the Duma neighbourhood of Damascus August 21, 2013. Syrian activists accused President Bashar al-Assad's forces of launching a nerve gas attack on rebel-held districts near Damascus on Wednesday that they said killed more than 200 people. There was no immediate comment from Syrian authorities, who have denied using chemical weapons during the country's two-year conflict, and have accused rebels of using them, which the rebels deny. REUTERS/Bassam Khabieh (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST CONFLICT)
Konflikt in Syrien: Ein Junge bei einer Beerdigung. Familien berichten, dass ihre Kinder durch die andauernden Kämpfe, Flucht und Unsicherheit traumatisiert sind. (JPG, Querformat) | Foto: © UNICEF/NYHQ2012-0206/Romenzi ### ACHTUNG, vollständig LESEN! Bildnutzungsrechte Das Herunterladen eines UNICEF-Bildes bedeutet ein Einverständnis mit den folgenden Bildnutzungsrichtlinien: © Copyright: UNICEF-Bilder, Videos, Audio- und Druckmaterialien sind urheberrechtlich geschützt und dürfen nur mit schriftlicher Genehmigung eines zuständigen UNICEF-Mitarbeiters reproduziert werden. UNICEF-Partner und bonafide nationale / internationale Medien erhalten die Erlaubnis, sie für UNICEF-unterstützte Themen oder Projekte zu verwenden. Die von UNICEF erteilte Freigabe von Bildmaterial berechtigt nur zur einmaligen Nutzung für den angegebenen Zweck, sofern nicht eine weitergehende Nutzung ausdrücklich vorgesehen ist. Bitte beachten Sie: UNICEF-Bilder und Filme sind Dokumente realer Menschen und Situationen. Deshalb: dürfen sie nur in einem Kontext verwendet werden, der die Situation realitätsgetreu wiedergibt, das Thema und den Ort widerspiegelt und die Rechte der abgebildeten Kinder bewahrt. Im Begleittext ist auf die Arbeit von UNICEF hinzuweisen - die Nennung von UNICEF als Bildquelle reicht nicht aus. dürfen sie in keinem kommerziellen Zusammenhang verwendet werden, auch nicht von Firmenpartnern. darf ihr Inhalt oder Zusammenhang nicht digital verändert werden. dürfen sie ausschließlich von UNICEF archiviert werden; die elektronische Weitergabe von UNICEF-Bildern an Dritte ist nicht erlaubt. Die Empfänger verpflichten sich, alle Bilddateien von Laufwerken, LANs und anderen elektronischen Speichervorrichtungen nach der Benutzung wieder zu löschen; sie dürfen nicht zu persönlichen Zwecken verwendet werden. Elektronische Vervielfältigungen erfordern das Copyright-Symbol © und müssen mit folgender Quellenangabe gekennzeichnet werden: Fotografien: „© UNICEF/Aktenzeichen/Nachname des Fotografen” Wenn die Quelle nicht beim Bild platziert werden kann, müssen die Quellenangaben an einer anderen Stelle der Publikation oder der elektronischen Präsentation aufgelistet werden. Der Abdruck der Bilder ist honorarfrei. Von jeder Veröffentlichung sind UNICEF zwei Belegexemplare kostenlos zuzusenden. UNICEF-Ethikrichtlinien zur Berichterstattung über Kinder. Stand: 12/2012 ###
Free Syrian Army fighters walk past damaged buildings and debris in Deir al-Zor August 20, 2013. Picture taken August 20, 2013. REUTERS/Khalil Ashawi (SYRIA - Tags: CONFLICT POLITICS CIVIL UNREST)
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ATTENTION EDITORS - VISUAL COVERAGE OF SCENES OF INJURY OR DEATH A Free Syrian Army fighter walks past a damaged tank and a dead body, which according to the FSA, belongs to forces loyal to Syria's President Bashar al-Assad, outside the Minnig Military Airport, August 6, 2013. Syrian rebels captured a main military airport near the border with Turkey on Tuesday, consolidating their hold on a key supply route north of the city of Aleppo, opposition activists said. The reported capture of the Minnig Military Airport, situated on the road between Aleppo and the Turkish city of Gaziantep, after an eight-month siege, marks an important symbolic victory for the opposition, following a string of defeats to President Bashar al-Assad's forces in central Syria, the sources said. REUTERS/Hamid Khatib (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST CONFLICT) TEMPLATE OUT
A man searches among houses that were destroyed during a recent Syrian Air Force air strike in Azaz, some 47 km (29 miles) north of Aleppo, August 15, 2012. REUTERS/Goran Tomasevic (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST MILITARY POLITICS CONFLICT)
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry (R) and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov confer during a press briefing at the State Department in Washington before a day of talks August 9, 2013. U.S. and Russian officials will seek to maintain a working relationship when they meet in Washington on Friday even though the political mood between the two countries has hit one of its lowest points since the end of the Cold War. REUTERS/Gary Cameron (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS)
epa03810365 A handout photo made available by the official Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA) shows Syrian President Bashar Assad (R) inspecting a unit of the Syrian armed troops in the Damascus suburb of Darayya, Syria, 01 August 2013. The visit came on the occupation of the Army Foundation Day. The city has witnessed fierce clashes over the past months between the Syrian army troops and armed groups. EPA/SANA / HANDOUT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES
Syria's President Bashar al-Assad delivers a speech while attending an Iftar, or breaking fast session, during the Muslim month of Ramadan in Damascus in this handout photograph distributed by Syria's national news agency SANA on August 4, 2013. Other attendees include political party representatives, politicians, independent figures, Muslim and Christian religious figures, representatives of unions and syndicates, and civil society figures. REUTERS/SANA/Handout via Reuters (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS RELIGION) ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS PICTURE IS DISTRIBUTED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS FREI FÜR SOCIAL MEDIA