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Shekaru 100 da mika daftarin yarjejeniyar Versailles

Zainab Mohammed Abubakar GAT
May 7, 2019

Ranar bakwai ga watan Mayun 1919 kasashen da suka yi nasara a yakin duniya na daya suka mika wa Jamus wacce aka ci da yaki daftarin yarjejeniyar Versailles wacce ta kawo karshen yakin duniya na daya.

https://p.dw.com/p/3I4sF
Pariser Friedenskonferenz 1919 The Big Four
Hoto: picture-alliance/AP Photo

Bayan kawo karshen yakin duniya na daya, akwai kyakkyawan fata a bangaren kasashen da aka yi wa mulkin mallaka kan Shugaban Amirka Woodrow Wilson, na aiwatar da sabon tsarinsa na zamantakewa, wanda hakan ne ya jagoranci cimma yarjejeniyar nan ta Versailles a ranar 7 ga watan Mayun shekrata 1919 da ya jagoranci hangen samun 'yancin kai.


Watanni da dama gabanin kawo karshen yakin duniya na dayan a shekara ta 1918 ne dai, Shugaba Wilson ya tsara fitattun manufofin nasa guda 14, watau famous 14 points a harshen Ingilishi. Rubutattun manufofin dai, sabbi ne kamar yadda bayanan suka kunsa. Ya yi kakkausan suka ga tsarin mulki da ya kira tsohon yayi, irin sukan da ba a taba ji ya fito daga bakin wani shugaba na wancan zamani ba, musamman fitattun 'yan siyasa kamar shi. Na biyar daga cikin manufofin nasa guda biyar na magana ne dangane da samar da 'yancin daidaito ba tare da nuna son kai ba da kasashen da ake yi wa mulkin mallaka. Duk wani mataki da za a dauka game da kowace kasa ko gwamnati, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da bukatun al'ummar da ake daukar mataki a kanta. Abin nufi shi ne tun daga wannan lokaci, dole ne a ji ra'ayin kasashen da ake wa mulkin mallaka. Fitaccen masanin tarihin Afirka a Jami'ar Hamburg ta nan Jamus Farfesa Jürgen Zimmer ya yi wannan tsokaci:

Pariser Friedenskonferenz 1919
Hoto: picture-alliance / akg-images


"Mulkin mallaka wani nau'i ne na wariya mai tsarin rashin adalci, da shugabannin mulkin mulkawu na nahiyar Turai suka aikata. Inda suka bar kasashensu zuwa wata kasa ba tare da gayyata ba suka yi kaka-gida da debar ganima ta dukkan abubuwan da suke muradi". 


Taron sulhu a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1919, da yarjejeniya Versailles sun taimaka wajen cimma yunkurin manufofin 14. Wannan batu ne da duniya baki daya ta yi maraba da shi, inda Shugaban Amirkan Wilson ya zame ba gwarzo kawai ba amma tamkar mai ceto, a cewar fitaccen marubuci H.G Wells. Sai dai yunkurin Shugaba Wilson na ganin an kafa hukumar kasa da kasa da za ta samar da daidaito a dangantaka tsakanin kasashen, ya fuskanci fushin wasu kasashe. Shugaban Amirkan ya bayyana kafa wannan hukuma a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da taron kasa da kasa kan zaman lafiya a Paris ya cimma, kuma a shekara ta 1920 hukumar tarayyar ta fara aiki.Daga cikin agendar aikin hukumar shi ne makomar kasashen da Turai ta ke wa mulkin mallaka, musamman wadanda ba su yi nasara a yakin duniya na daya ba, ciki har da Jamus. Kamar yadda masanin tarihin Afirka Jürgen Zimmer ya nunar:

Deutsch-Südwestafrika Hottentottenaufstand Hauptmann Willke
Hoto: picture alliance/akg-images


"An kaddamar musu da wani tsari na zamantakewa cikin rayuwa ta mallaka da wariya, inda bature ke sama, shi kuma bakar fata a matsayin bawa. Haka tsarin ya kasance a wannan yanki da aka yi wa mulkin mallaka. Kuma saboda ya kasance cikin kankanin lokaci, tasirin sauyi ya zame wani gagarumin fiye da yadda ya kasance a wasu yankunan da Turawan suka mallake na tsawon lokaci. Na Jamus din na gajeren lokaci ne, amma kuma mai tsananin gaske".


Sai dai ba duka kasashen da aka yi wa mulkin mallaka suka samu wannan 'yanci na daidaito ba, kowace kasa an dora ta ne bisa mizanin irin ci-gaban da take da shi a wancan lokaci, wanda ya ta'allaka da nasarorin kasashen na Turai. Sai dai jami'an diplomasiyyan da suka halarci taron na birnin Paris, sun gaza warware matsalar nan ta shata kan iyakokin kasashen da aka yi wa mulkin mallaka, wanda har ya zuwa karni na 19 ya ci gaba da kasancewa kadangaren bakin tulu ga ci-gaban wadannan kasashe.