Germany eyes Qatar investment

In the lobby of Berlin's Maritim Hotel, seven models of football stadiums glow brightly on pedestals. The biggest, Al Bayt Stadium — which in its actual size would hold 60,000 people — is to host FIFA World Cup 2022 matches up to the semifinal stage. Its design is meant to "represent traditional Qatari hospitality," according to the model's display description.

"We are aware of the strength of the German economy, and therefore are prepared to make investments of €10 billion [$15 billion] here over the next five years," said Qatar's emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani, in his opening remarks for the Qatar-Germany Business and Investment Forum.

Qatari investment is set to flow to the manufacturing sector, energy, and Germany's Mittelstand — the country's powerful sector of small and mid-sized companies (SMEs). That, he said, would add to the €25 billion worth of Qatari investment already in the country.

Read more: Underinvestment threatens Germany's midsize companies

Apart from holding the second biggest stake in the country's biggest lender, Deutsche Bank, Qatari investors also have shareholdings in carmaker Volkswagen, engineering firm Siemens, the Hochtief construction firm and panel maker Solarworld.

But it's energy investment is a key priority of Chancellor Angela Merkel, especially given that Qatar is the world's largest exporter of liquefied natural gas.

"From my perspective, the energy sector has significant potential for the expansion of our economic ties," Merkel said in her own opening speech at the event. "Liquid natural gas contributes to the diversification of gas sources, and therefore to the security of supply."

Supply alternative

On Wednesday, Qatar Petroleum, said it was in talks with Germany's RWE and rival Uniper about cooperating on a potential terminal for LNG.

As of yet, Germany — Europe's largest energy consumer — has no terminal for receiving the liquid fuel and turning it into gas. But uneasy relations between the West and Russia have prompted Merkel's government to look toward building domestic LNG infrastructure in Germany in order to create alternatives to Russian supply.

The dependence on Russia has also been a source of criticism for US president Donald Trump, who has pushed the sale of more expensive American LNG to Europe. Germany's plans to move away from coal and oil, to make the economy carbon-neutral by 2050 have also fueled the interest in natural gas.

At the forum, Merkel said that several projects for the construction of an LNG import terminal were in the pipeline, but did not give any details to the projects or planned Qatari involvement.

Qatar blockade and other risks

Merkel also commented on the year-and-a-half long economic blockade by Qatar's immediate neighbors, saying Germany was still "prepared to contribute to de-escalation efforts to diffuse tensions in the region," citing security and stability as necessary pre-conditions for investment.

Read more: Saudi-led bloc to continue Qatar boycott after 'negative' response to demands

Qatar, despite a temporary drop in the growth at the start of the blockade, has held up remarkably well. It used its massive wealth to cushion the blow to its financial sector with billions of dollars and to develop alternative import sources. The blockade pushed Qatar to diversify its economy, as well as seek strengthened ties abroad beyond the Gulf.

Read more: Saudi Arabia plans to dig canal turning Qatar into an island

But Volker Treier, chief foreign trade analyst at the German Chamber of Industry and Commerce (DIHK), said issues remain.

"The blockade presents risks, especially when it comes to interruption of logistical chains," he said. "But the German business sector is aware of the risks and can judge what to do."

Those aren't the only problems. That Qatar is hosting the FIFA World Cup in 2020 also has foreign companies, German and otherwise, eyeing profitable construction contracts. But Doha is under pressure to show it is addressing criticism of its poor labor standards.

Read more: Is Qatar failing to deliver on its World Cup promises?

Exploitative working conditions have come into focus as the country prepares to host such a high-profile event. Human rights advocates hailed this week's move by the Qatari government to abolish exit permits, allowing workers to leave the country without their employer's permission — but say so much more has to be done.

DIHK's Volker Treier claimed  that German companies were aware of the problems. "We bring our labor standards with us," he noted. "But it is up to them to change their country."