Curbing our carbon footprint

Burning coal, oil, gas or other fossil fuels generates greenhouse gases, which are blamed for trapping the sun’s heat and forcing up global temperatures. The world is currently emitting about 50 billion tons of greenhouse gases each year. But there are many options for reducing emissions and protecting the climate.

The world's richest nations have a historic responsibility for the production of greenhouse gases over the past century. This division can still be seen today. Per capita greenhouse gas emissions are about 1.5 tons in poor nations, but that figure jumps to 13 tons in rich nations.

Without decisive action, climate experts warn that global temperatures will rise between two and four degrees. That is expected to cause unprecedented sea-level rise, food and water shortages, economic devastation and the displacement of millions of people.

Climate experts want increased support for scientists and engineers as they develop alternatives to coal, gas and oil. But they say individuals can make a huge difference, too, by supporting low-carbon transportation, eating less meat and being careful not to waste energy.

Coal is a key part of the world’s energy mix right now and is growing in many parts of the world. But coal burning is responsible for about 30 percent of greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere. Can we cut it out?

Buildings are responsible for about 20 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. But many new structures are able to function without relying on fossil fuels. They are also well insulated, so heat isn’t wasted. Solar energy provides for most of the energy needs of these homes and offices.

Engineers and scientists say it is possible to power the world without emitting CO2. Wind, hydro and solar power are considered our best bets for eco-friendly energy. In places like Germany, subsidies have helped encourage innovative thinking and pushed down prices for renewable energy like solar power.

Today’s politicians are making decisions which will affect the lives of future generations. Climate scientists are calling for these leaders to drop all subsidies for fossil fuel industries, work together to stabilize the global carbon price and support renewables.